Prolactin 

Functions of Prolactin:

• Milk Production: Prolactin is most well-known for its role in stimulating the production of breast milk after childbirth.
• Reproductive Health: Prolactin levels also influence menstrual cycles and fertility. In both men and women, abnormal prolactin levels can interfere with ovulation, sperm production, and sexual function.

When is a Prolactin Test Used?

The prolactin test is typically done when someone has symptoms of high or low prolactin levels. It is commonly used to:

1. Investigate Infertility:
   • In women, elevated prolactin levels can interfere with ovulation and disrupt menstrual cycles, leading to infertility.
   • In men, high prolactin can cause decreased testosterone production, leading to reduced libido and fertility issues.
2. Diagnose Causes of Irregular Menstrual Periods:
   • High prolactin levels can be a cause of irregular periods, or the absence of menstruation (amenorrhea), in women.
   • In men, high prolactin can contribute to erectile dysfunction, low libido, and other sexual health issues.
3. Evaluate for Pituitary Disorders:
   • Elevated prolactin levels can sometimes be caused by a pituitary tumor (prolactinoma), which leads to excess production of prolactin. A prolactin test can help identify this condition.
4. Monitor During Pregnancy or After Childbirth:
   • Prolactin levels naturally rise during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Testing prolactin levels during or after pregnancy can help assess any potential issues with milk production or other hormonal concerns